Class 12 Physics Chapterwise Most Important Questions for Board Examination.

Class 12 Physics is an advanced-level course that builds upon the concepts studied in Class 11 Physics. The course covers a range of topics related to the fundamental principles of physics, including mechanics, electromagnetism, optics, thermodynamics, and modern physics.

In the board examination, the questions are usually designed to assess the student’s understanding of the fundamental concepts and their ability to apply them in real-life situations. Therefore, it is important for students to have a thorough understanding of the subject and be able to answer questions with clarity and precision.

To help students prepare for their board examination, it is essential to focus on important questions that cover the key concepts of the syllabus. These questions will help students to revise the topics and gain a better understanding of the subject, which will ultimately lead to better performance in the examination.

Some important questions that students should focus on in Class 12 Physics are:

1: Electric Charges and Fields

1. Define electric charge and its SI unit.
2. State Coulomb’s law and derive the expression for the electric field due to a point charge.
3. What is an electric dipole? Define dipole moment and derive an expression for the electric field due to an electric dipole.
4. State Gauss’s law and use it to derive the expression for the electric field due to a uniformly charged thin spherical shell.
5. What is an electric potential? Define potential difference and derive an expression for the electric potential due to a point charge.

2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

1. Define capacitance and derive the expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor.
2. State the principle of a capacitor and explain the working of a capacitor.
3. Define dielectric constant and explain how the capacitance of a capacitor changes when a dielectric slab is inserted between the plates.
4. Derive an expression for the energy stored in a charged capacitor.
5. Explain the working of Van de Graaff generator.

3: Current Electricity

1. State Ohm’s law and explain its limitations.
2. Define electric power and derive the expression for the power in a circuit.
3. Derive the expression for the resistivity of a material and explain the factors affecting the resistivity.
4. State Kirchhoff’s laws and use them to solve problems in a circuit.
5. What is Wheatstone bridge? Explain its principle and use it to determine the unknown resistance.

4: Moving Charges and Magnetism

1. Define magnetic field and derive the expression for the magnetic field due to a current-carrying straight wire.
2. State Ampere’s law and use it to derive the expression for the magnetic field due to a current-carrying solenoid.
3. Derive the expression for the force experienced by a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field.
4. Define magnetic flux and Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction.
5. Explain the working of a cyclotron.

5: Magnetism and Matter

1. Define magnetic susceptibility and explain how it is related to the magnetic permeability of a material.
2. Derive the expression for the magnetic field due to a magnetic dipole.
3. What is a domain in a ferromagnetic material? Explain how the magnetic properties of a ferromagnetic material change when it is heated beyond its Curie temperature.
4. Explain how a moving coil galvanometer can be converted into an ammeter and a voltmeter.
5. What is an electromagnet? Explain its principle and use.

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6: Electromagnetic Induction

1. State Lenz’s law and explain its significance.
2. Derive the expression for the emf induced in a coil rotating in a uniform magnetic field.
3. What is mutual induction? Derive an expression for the mutual inductance of a pair of coils.
4. Define self-inductance and explain the working of a simple RL circuit.
5. What is an AC generator? Explain its working and derive the expression for the emf produced by it.

7: Alternating Current

1. Define the term ‘alternating current’ and explain how it is different from direct current.
2. Derive the expression for the average value and RMS value of an AC voltage or current.
3. Define reactance and impedance and explain the difference between them.
4. Draw the phasor diagram for a series LCR circuit and explain its resonance phenomenon.
5. Explain the working of a transformer and derive the expression for the voltage transformation ratio.

8: Electromagnetic Waves

1. Define electromagnetic waves and explain their properties.
2. Derive the expression for the speed of electromagnetic waves in free space and explain its significance.
3. Explain the concept of polarization of electromagnetic waves.
4. Define the term ‘Hertzian dipole’ and explain the principle of an antenna.
5. Explain the applications of electromagnetic waves.

9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

1. Define refraction of light and explain Snell’s law.
2. Derive the lens formula and explain the working of a lens.
3. Define the term ‘dispersion’ and explain how a prism is used to obtain a spectrum of light.
4. Explain the working of a microscope and a telescope.
5. Define the term ‘resolution’ and explain the factors affecting the resolution of an optical instrument.

10: Wave Optics

1. Define the term ‘wavefront’ and explain Huygens’ principle.
2. Derive the expression for the diffraction of light through a single slit and explain its pattern.
3. Explain the phenomenon of interference of light and derive the expression for the fringe width.
4. Define the term ‘coherence’ and explain the types of coherence.
5. Explain the working of a diffraction grating and derive the expression for the condition of maxima and minima.

11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

1. Explain the concept of wave-particle duality of matter and radiation.
2. Define the term ‘de Broglie wavelength’ and derive its expression.
3. Explain the Davisson-Germer experiment and its significance.
4. Explain the working of a photoelectric cell and derive the expression for the stopping potential.
5. Define the term ‘Compton effect’ and derive its expression.

12: Atoms

1. Define the term ‘atomic number’ and explain the concept of isotopes and isobars.
2. Explain the Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom and derive the expression for the energy levels.
3. Define the term ‘spectral series’ and explain the Balmer series of hydrogen spectrum.
4. Explain the working of a photoelectric cell and derive the expression for the stopping potential.
5. Define the term ‘X-ray’ and explain the production and properties of X-rays.

13: Nuclei

1. Define the term ‘nuclear force’ and explain the properties of nuclear force.
2. Define the term ‘mass defect’ and explain the binding energy per nucleon.
3. Define the term ‘radioactivity’ and explain the types of radioactive decay.
4. Explain the working of a Geiger-Muller counter and its application.
5. Define the term ‘half-life’ and explain its significance.

14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

1. Explain the concept of doping in semiconductors and its types.
2. Draw and explain the energy band diagram of a p-n junction.
3. Define the term ‘rectification’ and explain the working of a half-wave and full-wave rectifier.
4. Explain the working of a Zener diode and its application as a voltage regulator.
5. Define the term ‘amplifier’ and explain the working of a common-emitter transistor amplifier.

15: Communication Systems

1. Define the term ‘communication’ and explain the types of communication systems.
2. Draw and explain the block diagram of a communication system.
3. Define the term ‘modulation’ and explain its types.
4. Explain the working of an amplitude modulation (AM) transmitter and receiver.
5. Define the term ‘demodulation’ and explain the working of a diode detector.

By understanding and mastering the answers to these important questions, students can develop a strong foundation in physics and excel in their academic and professional pursuits.

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ये कक्षा 12वीं की Physics की बोर्ड परीक्षाओं के लिए महत्वपूर्ण विषयों और प्रश्नों के कुछ उदाहरण हैं। अपनी पाठ्यपुस्तक का पूरी तरह से अध्ययन करना और विभिन्न प्रकार की समस्याओं को हल करने का अभ्यास करना महत्वपूर्ण है ताकि यह सुनिश्चित हो सके कि आप परीक्षा के लिए अच्छी तरह से तैयार हैं। आपको कामयाबी मिले!

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